I . TOO / ENOUGH : Quá … không thể …
*S + Be + TOO + ADJ + ( for +O ) + To + V .
* S+ V + TOO +ADV + ( for+ O ) + To + V .

*S+ Be +( NOT ) + ENOUGH + ADJ+ ( for + O ) + To + V . Đủ … để
*S+ V + (NOT ) + ENOUGH+ ADV + ( for + O ) + To +V.

II. So ……That : Such …….That : Quá ……….đến nỗi mà …….
*SO + ADJ / ADV + That + Clause .
*SUCH + ( a , an ) + ADJ + N + That Clause .

III. REFLECTIVE PRONOUNS : Đại từ phản thân
I -> Myself
We -> Ourselves
You -> Yourself / yourselves
They -> Themselves
She -> Herself
He -> Himself
It -> Itself
IV . MODAL VERBS : Động từ kiếm khuyết
S + MODAL VERBS ( not ) + Vinf without “To ”
Can
Could
Should
May
Might
Must
Ought to : nên
Had better: nên
Would
V. USED TO / BE USED TO
1.S + USED TO + V : Đã từng làm gì trong quá khứ
2. S + BE USED TO + VING / N : Quen ( trở nên quen ) làm gì đó
GET
VI . DEMANDs : CÂU RA LỆNH
* V + ( Please ) .
* DON’T + V + ( Please )

VII . REPORTED SPEECH : Câu tường thuật
Polite requests
- “ CAN / COULD / WOULD / WILL + YOU + ( Please ) + Vinf ……? ”
- “ V + Please ”.
- “ DON’T + V + Please ”
->Reported speech :
S + ASKED + O + ( not ) + to + V.
TOLD
REQUESTED
2. Advice .Lời khuyên
“ S + should / ought to / had better (not ) ………..”
->REPORTED SPEECH
_ S + Advised + O + (not ) to V.
- S + Said ( to O ) That S (o ) should / ought to / had better....
VII. So as / In order for purpose . Chỉ mục đích
So as ( not ) to V = In order ( not ) to V : Để ( không )

VIII . GERUNDS . Danh động từ
S + V + GERUND(Ving).
Love
Like ( Dislike )
Enjoy
Hate
Prefer
Start( Begin)
Stop / Finish
Practice
Remember : nhớ đã làm gì trong qkhứ
Try : thử # Try + to V : cố gắng
Mind : phiền lòng

IX . Passive voice Câu bị động
Present simple
Active
+ S + Vs ,es + O
S + Vzero + O
- S + do / does not + Vinf + O .
? Wh + do /does + S + Vinf + O

 Passive

Wh+S(o)+is/am/are( not)+VpII

Present Conti…
Active Passive
Wh + S + is (not )+ Ving + O-> Wh + S(o) + is + being + VpII
am am
are are
Present perfect
Active Passive
Wh + S + have + VpII -> Wh + S(o) + have + been VpII
has has
Past Simple
Active
+ S + VED + O .
- S + didn’t + V inf + O .
? ( Wh) + Did + S + Vinf + O ?
 Passive

Wh +S(O) + was (not)+ VpII
were


Near future .
Active Passive
Wh + S + is + going +to V + O
am
are
Wh + S(o) is + going +tobe+VpII
am
are


6. Modal Verbs Động từ khiếm khuyết
S + MODAL VERBS ( not ) +be + VPII
Can
Could
Should
May
Might
Must
Ought to : nên
Had better: nên
Would
Will
Shall
X . Present Perfect. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
1. Use : + to express an unfinished action ( một hành động dang dở )
+to express an experience . ( một kinh nghiệm )
+ to express an action which has just happened in the past but the time is not important.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết : since , for , not….yet